The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company.[2][3][4] The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.
The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks.
Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after
his own family members, substituting Bart for his own name; he thought
Simpson was a funny name in that it had the word "simp" in it, which is
short for "simpleton".[5] The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19, 1987. After three seasons, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season (1989–1990).
Since its debut on December 17, 1989, 684 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast. It is the longest-running American sitcom, and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, both in terms of seasons and number of episodes. A feature-length film, The Simpsons Movie, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million. On October 30, 2007, a video game was released. The Simpsons was renewed on February 6, 2019 for a thirty-first and thirty-second season.[6] The former began airing September 29, 2019 and concluded on May 17, 2020; the latter will include the 700th episode. The Simpsons is a joint production by Gracie Films and 20th Television.[7]
The Simpsons received acclaim throughout its first nine[8][9] or ten[10][11] seasons, which are generally considered its "Golden Age", though it has also been criticized for a perceived decline in quality since then. Time named it the 20th century's best television series,[12] and Erik Adams of The A.V. Club named it "television's crowning achievement regardless of format".[13] On January 14, 2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 34 Primetime Emmy Awards, 34 Annie Awards, and 2 Peabody Awards. Homer's exclamatory catchphrase "D'oh!" has been adopted into the English language, while The Simpsons has influenced many other later adult-oriented animated sitcoms.
When producer James L. Brooks was working on the television variety show The Tracey Ullman Show, he decided to include small animated sketches before and after the commercial breaks. Having seen one of cartoonist Matt Groening's Life in Hell
comic strips, Brooks asked Groening to pitch an idea for a series of
animated shorts. Groening initially intended to present an animated
version of his Life in Hell series.[23] However, Groening later realized that animating Life in Hell would require the rescinding of publication rights
for his life's work. He therefore chose another approach while waiting
in the lobby of Brooks's office for the pitch meeting, hurriedly
formulating his version of a dysfunctional family that became the Simpsons.[23][24] He named the characters after his own family members, substituting "Bart" for his own name, adopting an anagram of the word brat.[23]
The Simpson family first appeared as shorts in The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19, 1987.[25]
Groening submitted only basic sketches to the animators and assumed
that the figures would be cleaned up in production. However, the
animators merely re-traced his drawings, which led to the crude
appearance of the characters in the initial shorts.[23] The animation was produced domestically at Klasky Csupo,[26][27] with Wes Archer, David Silverman, and Bill Kopp being animators for the first season.[28] Colorist Georgie Peluse was the person who decided to make the characters yellow.[28]
In 1989, a team of production companies adapted The Simpsons into a half-hour series for the Fox Broadcasting Company.
The team included the Klasky Csupo animation house. Brooks negotiated a
provision in the contract with the Fox network that prevented Fox from
interfering with the show's content.[29]
Groening said his goal in creating the show was to offer the audience
an alternative to what he called "the mainstream trash" that they were
watching.[30] The half-hour series premiered on December 17, 1989, with "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire".[31] "Some Enchanted Evening"
was the first full-length episode produced, but it did not broadcast
until May 1990, as the last episode of the first season, because of
animation problems.[32] In 1992, Tracey Ullman
filed a lawsuit against Fox, claiming that her show was the source of
the series' success. The suit said she should receive a share of the
profits of The Simpsons[33]—a claim rejected by the courts.[34]
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